Lasik Eye Surgery Treatment (Refractive Surgery)

LASIK surgery has evolved over time, and there are several variations or subtypes of LASIK procedures. Here are some of the different types of LASIK :

• Traditional LASIK : This is the standard LASIK procedure that has been widely performed for many years. It involves creating a corneal flap using a microkeratome or femtosecond laser, followed by the use of an excimer laser to reshape the underlying corneal tissue.
• Bladeless or All-Laser LASIK : In this type of LASIK, also known as femtoLASIK or IntraLASIK, the corneal flap is created exclusively using a femtosecond laser. The entire procedure is performed without the use of a microkeratome or any blade.
• Custom or Wavefront-guided LASIK : Wavefront technology measures the unique imperfections of an individual's eye by creating a detailed map of the cornea. Custom LASIK utilizes this wavefront data to guide the laser, allowing for a personalized treatment that addresses higher-order aberrations in addition to the standard refractive errors. It aims to provide sharper vision and reduce potential issues like halos and glare.
• Topography-guided LASIK : Similar to custom LASIK, this procedure also uses detailed corneal mapping but focuses more on the corneal shape and irregularities. By incorporating corneal topography information, the laser can reshape the cornea to correct irregular astigmatism and optimize the corneal surface.
• Bladeless Flap LASIK : In traditional LASIK, the corneal flap is created using a microkeratome, which is a mechanical blade. Bladeless flap LASIK, also known as IntraLase or femtosecond flap LASIK, utilizes a femtosecond laser to create the corneal flap instead. This method provides a more precise and customizable flap creation, potentially reducing flap-related complications.
• PresbyLASIK : PresbyLASIK is a specialized LASIK technique designed to correct presbyopia, an age-related condition that affects near vision. It combines the principles of LASIK with multifocal or monovision corrections, allowing patients to have improved distance and near vision without the need for reading glasses.

It's important to note that the availability of specific types of LASIK may vary depending on the technology and equipment used by the ophthalmologist or refractive surgeon. The choice of LASIK procedure depends on various factors, including the patient's individual needs, eye health, refractive errors, and the surgeon's expertise and recommendation. A thorough consultation with a qualified eye care professional is essential to determine the most suitable type of LASIK for each individual.

• The LASIK procedure typically follows these steps : Creation of a corneal flap: The surgeon creates a thin flap on the cornea using either a microkeratome (a blade-like instrument) or a femtosecond laser. The flap is lifted and folded back to expose the underlying corneal tissue.
• Creation of a corneal flap : The surgeon creates a thin flap on the cornea using either a microkeratome (a blade-like instrument) or a femtosecond laser. The flap is lifted and folded back to expose the underlying corneal tissue.
• Repositioning the corneal flap : Once the cornea has been reshaped, the surgeon repositions the corneal flap back into its original position, where it adheres naturally without the need for stitches. The flap acts as a natural bandage, promoting faster healing.
• The LASIK procedure is typically quick, lasting only about 10 to 15 minutes per eye. The actual laser treatment itself takes only a few seconds. It is performed on an outpatient basis, meaning the patient can return home shortly after the procedure. Local anesthesia in the form of eye drops is used to numb the eye during the surgery, minimizing any discomfort.
• Following the LASIK procedure, patients may experience mild discomfort or blurry vision for a short period. However, the recovery is relatively quick, with most individuals experiencing improved vision within a day or two. It is important to follow the post-operative care instructions provided by the surgeon, which may include using prescribed eye drops and avoiding activities that may strain the eyes.
• LASIK has been widely regarded as a safe and effective procedure, but it is not suitable for everyone. A thorough examination and consultation with an ophthalmologist or refractive surgeon are necessary to determine if a person is a good candidate for LASIK based on their individual eye health, refractive error, and other factor.

Before undergoing LASIK surgery, several prerequisites and evaluations are typically performed to ensure that the procedure is safe and suitable for the individual. Here are some common prerequisites :

• Comprehensive Eye Examination : A thorough examination of the eyes is conducted to evaluate the overall eye health, determine the refractive error, and assess the cornea's shape and thickness. This examination may include tests such as visual acuity, corneal topography, corneal thickness measurement, and pupil dilation.
• Stable Vision : It is important for the patient's vision to be stable before undergoing LASIK. This means that their refractive error, such as nearsightedness or astigmatism, should not have significantly changed for at least a year. Stable vision ensures that the correction provided by LASIK will be long-lasting.
• Age Requirement : Generally, LASIK is recommended for individuals who are at least 18 years old. This is because the eyes typically stabilize in terms of their refractive error by this age. However, the exact age requirement may vary depending on the patient and their eye health.
• Overall Eye Health : The ophthalmologist will assess the overall health of the eyes, looking for any underlying conditions, such as dry eyes, glaucoma, cataracts, or any other issues that may affect the success of LASIK or pose potential risks during or after the procedure.
• No Eye Infections or Injuries : LASIK surgery should not be performed on individuals who have any active eye infections, injuries, or conditions that may interfere with the healing process.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding : It is generally recommended to postpone LASIK surgery for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Hormonal changes during these periods can affect the stability of vision and the accuracy of the refractive measurements.
• Medications : The ophthalmologist should be informed about any medications the individual is taking, as some medications may interfere with the healing process or increase the risk of complications during surgery. Certain medications, such as isotretinoin (Accutane), should be discontinued for a specific period before LASIK.

After undergoing LASIK treatment, it is important to take proper care of your eyes to ensure optimal healing and minimize the risk of complications. Here are some general care instructions to follow :

• Follow your doctor's instructions : Your eye surgeon will provide specific post-operative instructions based on your individual case. It is important to follow them closely and attend all follow-up appointments.
• Rest your eyes : Allow your eyes to rest and avoid strenuous activities, especially activities that may cause eye strain or increase the risk of eye injury. Avoid rubbing your eyes, as it can interfere with the healing process.
• Use prescribed eye drops : Your doctor will prescribe eye drops to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and keep your eyes lubricated. Follow the prescribed schedule and use the drops as instructed.
• Avoid swimming and hot tubs : Refrain from swimming or using hot tubs for a few weeks after LASIK to prevent waterborne contaminants from entering your eyes, which could lead to infection.
• Protect your eyes from bright light : Wear sunglasses that provide proper UV protection when you are outside, as your eyes may be more sensitive to light following the procedure.
• Avoid eye makeup and cosmetics : Avoid using eye makeup or applying creams, lotions, or makeup near your eyes for at least a week to prevent contamination or irritation.
• Keep your environment clean : Maintain good hygiene by regularly washing your hands to avoid introducing bacteria or dirt into your eyes.
• Avoid dusty or smoky environments : Stay away from dusty or smoky areas, as these can irritate your eyes and potentially delay the healing process.
• Follow recommended time off from work : Your doctor will provide guidelines on how much time you should take off from work or any activities that may strain your eyes. Follow their recommendations to ensure a smooth recovery.
• Attend follow-up appointments : Make sure to attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your eye doctor. These visits are essential for monitoring your progress and addressing any concerns or questions you may have.

Remember, everyone's healing process may vary slightly, so it's important to consult your eye surgeon for personalized advice based on your specific situation.